Fiorella Prada and collaborators just published an extensive proteomic analysis of foraminiferal tests. There exciting results suggests that biomineralization in these organisms involves both vesicular pathways and transmembrane transporters, opening different avenues for understanding the molecular basis of the “vital effects” seen in this organism. Furthermore, the detection of several proteins that are shared across diverse calcifying taxa has wide-reaching implications for understanding common biomineralization pathways across various taxa. You can check out the work in the prestigious journal of the Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences (reference found at https://www.pnas.org/doi/epub/10.1073/pnas.2417845121).
A. lobifera specimens collected from Tel Shikmona on the Israeli Mediterranean coast. (A and B) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of A. lobifera dorsal and ventral view, respectively, (C and D).