 Presentation Index |
This CD was produced by Rutgers Coastal Ocean
Observation Lab. Please e-mail all inquiries to: flounder@arctic.rutgers.edu. © 2000 RU COOL |
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SS: OS22D
LO: CC:Hall C
DA: Tuesday
HR: 1330h
SN: Coastal Ocean Dynamics and Prediction II Posters
PR: O M Schofield, Rutgers University
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-10
TI: LEO-15 Records Remote Sensing, Meteorological and In Situ
Ocean Data From the Eye of Hurricane Floyd
AU: * Crowley, M F
EM: crowley@atlantic.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Glenn, S M
EM: glenn@caribbean.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Fracassi, J F
EM: johnf@arctic.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Kohut, J T
EM: kohut@arctic.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AB: The eye of Hurricane Floyd passed directly over the Rutgers
University Longterm Ecosystem Observatory (LEO-15), as it moved up the eastern seaboard on
September 16, 1999, resulting in extreme flooding. An expanded observational network
normally used to research coastal upwelling events, was left in place after this summer's
field season was completed. Data sets collected continuously through the eye of of
Hurricane Floyd included: AVHRR visible and sea surface temperature imagery, SeaWiFS
visible imagery, CODAR surface currents, a variety of meteorological data, underwater data
including wave heights and periods, current profiles, tides, storm surges, temperature and
salinity data. Meteorological and oceanographic responses to the arrival of the eye
included a drop in barometric pressure, shifts in wind speed and rapid reversal of wind
directions, a spike in wave height and a steady drop in wave period, initially onshore
currents switching to offshore and a positive storm surge reversing to negative. These
observations demonstrate the utility of longterm observation networks in capturing
significant episodic events.
UR: http://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/images/floyd/floyd.html
DE: 3339 Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504)
DE: 3360 Remote sensing
DE: 3384 Waves and tides
DE: 4546 Nearshore processes
DE: 4560 Surface waves and tides (1255)
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-07
TI: Surfclam Larval Settlement: Spatial and Temporal Differences
With Respect to Larval Supply
AU: * Ma, H
EM: hgma@eden.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Grassle, J P
EM: jgrassle@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Butman, C
EM: cbutman@whoi.edu
AF: AOPE Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, \#\#
Water Street, MS#\#\#, Woods Hole, MA 02543 United States
AU: Petrecca, R F
EM: petrecca@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University,
\#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AB: Six consecutive sets of settlement experiments were carried
out at three stations at an inner continental shelf site (LEO-15) from July 8-31, 1997
during upwelling and downwelling periods. Two inshore stations were on the landward and
seaward sides of Beach Haven Ridge at $\sim$ 12 m depth, and the third station was 8 km
offshore at $\sim$ 20 m depth. Sediments at all three stations were fine to medium-fine
sands typical of surfclam habitat in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Long-term benthic studies
(1993 to present) indicate that only the two inshore stations support substantial surfclam
populations. In each experiment, four replicate trays of azoic sand from Beach Haven Ridge
were placed flush with the seafloor and exposed for 3 to 5 days. Sediments were preserved
and examined for recently settled bivalves. Bivalve larval supply during the experiments
was examined using Moored Automated Serial Zooplankton Pumps (MASZPs) at the three
stations. Zooplankton samples were taken 1 mab every 4 hours. Pulses of high surfclam
abundance coincided with downwelling, and larval abundances were higher at the two inshore
stations than offshore. Preliminary results from the settlement tray experiments indicate
higher settlement at the two inshore stations; surfclam settlement was higher during
downwellling than upwelling at two stations, one inshore and one offshore.
DE: 4219 Continental shelf processes
DE: 4279 Upwelling and convergences
DE: 4804 Benthic processes/benthos
DE: 4855 Plankton
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-08
TI: The Impact of Sea Breezes and Synoptic Winds on Marine
Coastal Flows
AU: * Pan, H
EM: pan@cep.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University - Center for Environmental Prediction,
\#\# College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551
AU: Avissar, R
EM: avissar@gaia.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University - Center for Environmental Prediction,
\#\# College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551
AU: Haidvogel, D A
EM: dale@ahab.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University - Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sciences, \#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521
AU: Glenn, S M
EM: glenn@caribbean.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University - Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sciences, \#\# Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521
AB: Irregular coast lines, heterogeneous land cover and sea
surface temperature (SST) affect the structure and intensity of sea-breezes in complicated
ways. Mostly due to computing resources limit, current operational forecasting models do
not resolve very well this type of atmospheric circulations. Ocean models forced with
forecasts that do not reproduce correctly these circulations may not be able to correctly
reproduce observed marine coastal flows. In July 1999, the Regional Atmospheric modeling
System (RAMS) was used operationally, with a grid size of 4 x 4 km$^2$, to forecast
coastal weather in the northeast US. Using an extended network of observations (including
buoys, radars, sodars, and meteorological towers), we show that the model was able to
capture the detailed features of the sea-breezes that develop on the New Jersey coast. We
find that sea-breezes in that region can significantly divert from synoptic winds. When
southerly winds prevail, significant positive wind curls form above the ocean near the
shore. On the other hand, northerly winds result in negative wind curls. The intensity and
the spatial scale of these wind curls depend on the synoptic winds and sea-breezes, and
the maximum spatial extent of these curls can be as large as 50 km off-shore. We also find
that sea-breezes can trigger thunderstorms and also affect the track of thunderstorms
developing elsewhere.
DE: 3329 Mesoscale meteorology
DE: 3337 Numerical modeling and data assimilation
DE: 4223 Descriptive and regional oceanography
DE: 4247 Marine meteorology
DE: 4504 Air/sea interactions (0312)
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-13
TI: Bacterial Community Fingerprints and Activity in a NearShore,
Subsurface Jet at LEO-15 (a Long Term Ecosystem Observatory off the New Jersey Coastline)
AU: * Kerkhof, L
EM: kerkhof@ahab.rutgers.edu
AF: Inst. of Marine \& Coastal Sci., \#\# Dudley Rd Cook
College Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Rodriguez, A
AF: Inst. of Marine \& Coastal Sci., \#\# Dudley Rd Cook
College Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AB: The southern coast of New Jersey experiences periodic
upwelling events which can significantly influence biological communities. A long term
ecosystem observatory has been established at a site in 15m of water near the Rutgers
Unversity Marine Field Station (LEO-15) to study the interaction between physical forcing
and biological/chemical processes in the coastal ocean. Previous work has shown that
upwelling in 1995 had influenced the phytoplankton and bacterial community. Unfortunately,
the source waters for upwelling had not been characterized during the 1995 event. In this
study, we sampled along a nearshore, subsurface jet believed to be supplying the cold
water for upwelling at LEO-15. Samples were collected along a 30 km transect to determine
whether differences between the jet microbial communities and surface waters or offshore
communities could be detected. Bacterial populations were fingerprinted using the 16S rRNA
genes and TRFLP methodologies using MnlI digestion. A similarity index of TRFLP patterns
indicated 72\% of the microbial community was present in both the jet and surface waters.
However, significant TRLP peaks could be identified which were present in the jet and
below detection limits in surface waters (e.g. 141, 193, and 287 bp). Conversely, specific
peaks were present in surface waters and below detection in the jet (e.g. 80, 83, 212 bp).
Additionally, uptake experiments were conducted using a DNA analogue (bromo deoxyuridine)
to target the active population within the jet. The indigenous population of bacteria in
the jet and suface waters were found to take up BrDU at a concentration of 200 nM over a 1
hour incubation. Experiments are underway to isolate the BrDU labeled DNA and characterize
the active bacterial community.
DE: 4803 Bacteria
DE: 4840 Microbiology
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-11
TI: Coastal Turbulence Estimates in Ocean Modeling and
Observation Studies Near LEO-15
AU: * Levine, E R
EM: levineer@tech.npt.nuwc.navy.mil
AF: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Code \#\#,
Newport, RI 02841 United States
AU: Lueck, R G
AF: Centre for Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria,
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
AU: Shell, R R
AF: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Code \#\#,
Newport, RI 02841 United States
AU: Licis, P
AF: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport Code \#\#,
Newport, RI 02841 United States
AB: In the context of the LEO-15 network, microstructure data
have been obtained from a small REMUS AUV instrumented with a comprehensive suite of
turbulence sensors. Instrumentation included shear probes and an ultra-fast thermistor,
two CTDs, an upward and downward looking ADCP, and an ADV-O. This data acquisition enables
estimates of dissipation rate, vertical shear of horizontal velocity, and stratification;
and consequently mixing parameters such as Richardson number, eddy viscosity, and eddy
diffusivity. These estimates are utilized to characterize subgrid scale processes in the
SCRUM model, and compare turbulence closure approaches. During July 1999, a field
experiment was conducted in the LEO-15 region off New Jersey, to examine mixing processes
associated with wind-driven upwelling. Using model-based adaptive sampling, the AUV was
deployed along trajectories through components of the local emerging upwelling
circulation. Eleven missions were flown in the upstream coastal "pipe", the
downstream coastal "pipe", and the detached offshore "jet", at a
variety of depths in the core of the features, and in the top and bottom layers. For the
final model prediction cycle, the data derived eddy viscosity in the upstream pipe was
utilized as the inshore maximum value for the SCRUM sub-grid scale paramaterization.
Subsequent to the experiment, 2-D diagnostic runs of the SCRUM model show that the
data-derived eddy viscosity, and variation around its value can significantly affect the
onset and character of the upwelling.
DE: 4528 Fronts and jets
DE: 4568 Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-09
TI: Spatial Distribution of Bottom Stress and Sediment Transport
Patterns over Transitional Bathymetry Beneath a Narrow Subsurface Jet
AU: * Styles, R
EM: styles@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, \#\# Dudely Rd, New Bruswick, NJ 08901
United States
AU: Glenn, S M
EM: glenn@caribbean.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, \#\# Dudely Rd, New Bruswick, NJ 08901
United States
AB: One of the goals of the recently completed Coastal Predictive
Skill Experiment was to improve forecasting capabilities though stronger modeling and
observational efforts of the complex structure of wave-current bottom boundary layers.
Theoretical and experimental results from this and past research efforts culminated in a
new bottom boundary layer model (BBLM) that can be implemented as a subroutine in
large-scale shelf circulation models. A version of the BBLM was used to investigate
sediment transport and bottom stress over transitional topography during an intense
observational period in July 1999 at the Rutgers University Long-term Ecosystem
Observatory (LEO-15) located off the southern coast of New Jersey. On July 29, 1999,
multiple cross-shelf transects consisting of ship-towed ADCP and undulating CTD surveys
centered on LEO-15 captured an alongshore section of a recently discovered subsurface jet
associated with recurrent upwelling centers. The northern most transect was characterized
by smoother and deeper topography and showed maximum alongshore current speeds within the
jet of nearly 20 cm/s. The southern most transect was characterized by rougher and
shallower topography and showed alongshore current speeds of about 25 cm/s. Wave data
obtained from a pressure sensor attached to a subsea node at LEO-15 and bottom currents
obtained from the towed ADCP surveys were used to drive the BBLM along the 2 transect
lines described above. Results from the northern line showed time average shear velocity
estimates with peak values of nearly 1.5 cm/s near shore, and a reduction to 0.5 cm/s over
the deeper portions further offshore. Along the shallower and rougher southern transect,
shear velocities were more variable and showed several peaks near 2 cm/s associated with
local topographic highs. Combined wave and current shear velocities peaked at 6.5 cm/s at
the shoreward most point along the southern line but only 4 cm/s along the northern line.
For these conditions, model predictions indicated that initiation of sediment motion only
occurred for shear velocities greater than about 5 cm/s. Therefore, sediment resuspension
was confined to the inner most section of the shallower and rougher southern transect, and
it occurred only as a result of wave-current interaction. These preliminary model results
suggest that the jet may entrain bed material along its southern reach before it turns
offshore into deeper water. Once the jet moves into deeper water, where bottom currents
and bottom wave orbital velocities are weaker, the entrained benthic material will begin
to fall out of suspension. The jet may, therefore, serve as an efficient cross- shelf
transport conduit during summer time upwelling along the southern New Jersey coast.
DE: 4211 Benthic boundary layers
DE: 4546 Nearshore processes
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
------------------------------
HR: 1330h
AN: OS22D-12
TI: Variability of the Spectral Signatures of Coastal Waters
Measured and Modeled for the LEO-15 Site
AU: * Tozzi, S
EM: stozzi@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
\#\#, Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Schofield, O M
EM: oscar@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
\#\#, Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Grzymski, J J
EM: grzymski@ahab.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
\#\#, Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Bergmann, T
EM: bergmann@arctic.rutgers.edu
AF: Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
\#\#, Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Moline, M A
EM: mmoline@calpoly.edu
AF: California Polytechnic State University, Biological Sciences
Department, , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 United States
AU: Peterson, D
EM: dpeterso@polymail.calpoly.edu
AF: California Polytechnic State University, Biological Sciences
Department, , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 United States
AB: Due to the high variability that characterizes case II
waters, precise derivation of absorption (a) and total scattering (b) from remote sensing
reflectance (Rrs) by means of bio-optical algorithms is critical for a proper use of
remote sensing data. In July 1999, a series of in situ bio-optical measurements were
conducted in southern NJ at the LEO-15 site (Long-term Ecosystem underwater Observatory),
a real-time multi-platform inter-disciplinary observation network. Continuously sampled
transects of nearshore in situ optical properties were conducted as part of the Coastal
Predictive Skill Experiment sponsored by NOPP/ONR. The comprehensive optical
instrumentation package aboard the R/V Walford, included a Wetlabs AC-9 (absorption and
attenuation meter at 9 wavelengths), Wetlabs SaFIre (in situ fixed wavelength
spectrofluorometer), Satlantic OCR (Ocean Color Radiometer), Hyper-TSRB (14 channels
Hyperspectral Tethered Spectral Radiometer Buoy), Hobi Labs Hydroscat 6, Falmouth
Scientific Inc. (FSI) CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth), Sequoia Scientific LISST-100
(Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry) and a Wetlabs MODAPS (Modular Data
Acquisition System). Bio-optical measurements were aimed at determining the effects of
upwelling events on the inherent and apparent optical properties of the water column, then
to estimate the water leaving radiance. The collected data have been used to characterize
the impact of coastal upwelling episodes in shallow waters (5-30 m) on nearshore bulk
optical properties. Utilizing the Hydrolight 4.0 Radiative Transfer numerical model we
reproduce the spectral signature of the coastal waters. Hydrolight was run repeatedly with
different settings and different boundary conditions, to determine the role that in water
constituents (chlorophyll, suspended sediments and particulate organic matter) have on
spectral absorption and scattering, and their influence on the remote sensing reflectance.
Results of the study will allow a critical evaluation of the sensitivity of proposed
remote sensing algorithms and their
UR: http://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/
DE: 4219 Continental shelf processes
DE: 4279 Upwelling and convergences
DE: 4294 Instruments and techniques
DE: 4546 Nearshore processes
DE: 4552 Ocean optics
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 10:35h
AN: OS51C-08
TI: Habitat and Community Patchiness on the Continental Shelf (LEO-15)
AU: * Grassle, J F
EM: grassle@imcs.rutgers.edu
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, \#\# Dudley Road, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Gregg, J C
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, \#\# Dudley Road, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Petrecca, R F
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, \#\# Dudley Road, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Snelgrove, P V
AF: Fisheries Conservation Chair, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Box \#\#\#\#, St.
John's, NF A1C 5R3 Canada
AU: Stocks, K I
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, \#\# Dudley Road, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AU: Grassle, J P
AF: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, \#\# Dudley Road, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AB: Spatial scales of macrofaunal benthic community composition were determined using a
nested sampling design at the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory site (LEO-15) on the
continental shelf off New Jersey. During 1994 and 1995, at each of three sites between 12
and 16 m depth, samples were taken at random by divers around the base of a shore-oblique
ridge (5km long and 1 km wide) on two spatial scales (100 m and 30 m). Community structure
among the sites was different, but these differences were blurred by species-by-species
variation at the 100-m scale within sites. Crest-trough comparisons on rippled bottoms
indicated greater numbers of individuals in troughs, but species population differences
between crest and trough were generally not significant. Diversity patterns changed
depending on the scales over which comparisons were made. Comparisons of individual cores
suggested that the muddy site was higher in diversity than the sandy site, but as cores
were pooled to achieve greater spatial coverage, the sandy site appeared more diverse.
This pattern suggests that patchiness may differ among sites, in that the muddy site has
greater diversity at a very local scale but the patchier sandy site accumulates more
species over larger scales.
DE: 4804 Benthic processes/benthos
DE: 4815 Ecosystems, structure and dynamics
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
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HR: 1330h
AN: OS42D-16
TI: Horizontal Heterogeneity of Denitrifying Bacterial Communities In Marine Sediments by
TRFLP Analysis
AU: * Scala, D J
EM: djscala@rci.rutgers.edu
AF: Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, \#\# Brett Rd. Busch Campus Rutgers
University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 United States
AU: Kerkhof, L J
EM: kerkhof@ahab.rutgers.edu
AF: Inst. of Marine \& Coastal Sci., \#\# Dudley Rd Cook College Rutgers University,
New Brusnwick, NJ 08901-8521 United States
AB: Horizontal heterogeneity in time and space of denitrifying bacteria was examined in
continental shelf sediments off Tuckerton, NJ at the Rutgers University Long Term
Ecosystem Observatory (LEO-15) using PCR amplification of the nitrous oxide reductase
(nosZ) gene combined with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)
analysis. Spatial scales from centimeters to kilometers were examined, while temporal
variation was assayed over the course of 1995-96. Sorenson's indices (pairwise similarity
values) were calculated to permit comparison between samples. Similarity of benthic
denitrifiers ranged from 0.80 to 0.85 for centimeter scale comparisons, from 0.52 to 0.79
for meter level comparisons, and from 0.23 to 0.53 for kilometer scale comparisons. The
Sorenson's indices for temporal comparisons varied from 0.12 to 0.74. A cluster analysis
of the similarity values indicated that the composition of the denitrifier assemblages
varied most significantly at the kilometer scale and between seasons at individual
stations. Specific nosZ genes were identified which varied at cm/m/ or km scales, and may
be associated with variability in meio/macrofaunal abundance (cm scale), bottom topography
(m scale), or sediment characteristics (km scale).
DE: 4803 Bacteria
DE: 4805 Biogeochemical cycles (1615)
DE: 4840 Microbiology
SC: OS
MN: 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting
Presentation Index |
This CD was produced by Rutgers Coastal Ocean
Observation Lab. Please e-mail all inquiries to: flounder@arctic.rutgers.edu. © 2000 RU COOL |
