OCEAN SEDIMENTS, SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY AND SOUND

Objectives

1.     Describe the main types of deep-sea sediments and understand what determines their distribution on today's seafloor

2.         Define the role of ocean chemistry on the distribution of siliceous and carbonaceous sediments

I.         Sound in the sea

      A. How sound travels

      B. How we put it to use in the ocean

II.     Deep sea sediments

A.     Classification

- Authigenic

     - Lithogenic or terrigenous

     - Biogenic

B.     Distribution

- General sedimentation pattern on the sea floor

C.    Clays

1)    formation

2)    3 main types

        - Chlorite

        - Kaolinite

         -Illite

          (Montmorillinite)

D.    Biogenic Sediments

1)    Siliceous

        - Sources and Cycling of silica

        - Distribution (productivity related)

2)    Calcareous

    - Chemistry and dissolution relationship (controlled by depth and acid

      base reaction)

        - Distribution (bathymetrically related).

     3) Contrast of siliceous and calcareous